Palaeoecological reconstruction was carried out at Lake Hazar in eastern Turkey from 3.2 cal ka BP to ~510 cal years BP. To evaluate vegetation and climate changes, palynological and grain size analysis were performed by comparing geochemical data, magnetic susceptibility (MS), and Total Organic Carbon (TOC). A lake level reconstruction has been done by palynological data, indicating local environmental changes at Lake Hazar. The first lake level rise was recorded between 3.2 and 2.9 cal ka BP, showing higher river discharge due to the wetter climate. This is also evidenced by higher values in Ca/Ti and TOC values, in coarser grain size and the abundance of trees (mainly deciduous Quercus), while non-arboreal plants (NAP) decrease in the environs of Lake Hazar. A sharp drop follows this in lake level between 2.9 and 2.2 cal ka BP, evidenced by a higher the Sr/Ca ratio and fine-grained sediment (<35 μm), whereas the Ca/Ti ratio and TOC value decline. This longer drought was followed by the more extended period of humidity between 2.2 cal ka BP and ~650 yrs BP, consistent with a higher MS value, and the Ca/Ti ratio and TOC. The results identified a number of aridity events between 1.6 and 1.3 cal ka BP, at 1.1 cal ka BP, and at cal. ~900 yrs BP, evidenced by a high Sr/Ca ratio. A cultivation period starts to appear at 1.6 cal ka BP with Juglans (walnut) during the Sassanid dynasty in the region. Aridity event at 1.1 cal ka BP, corresponding to Medieval Warming, was characterized by dry climate and lake level drop. Simultaneously, the cultivation of walnut, olive, and Pistachio declined. The existence of Plantago lanceolata, Rumex, Sanguisorba minor−type, Scabiosa and Caryophyllaceae indicate farming and animal husbandry activities during the Late Holocene.

土耳其东部的哈扎尔湖从3.2 cal ka BP到〜510 cal years BP进行了古生态重建。为了评估植被和气候变化，通过比较地球化学数据，磁化率（MS）和总有机碳（TOC）进行了孢粉和粒度分析。通过孢粉学数据已经完成了湖泊水位重建，表明哈扎尔湖当地环境的变化。首次水位上升记录在3.2到2.9 cal ka BP之间，这表明由于气候湿润，河水流量增加。这也可以通过较高的Ca / Ti和TOC值，较大的晶粒尺寸和丰富的树木（主要是落叶栎）来证明。），而非树状植物（NAP）在哈扎尔湖附近减少。随后，在2.9至2.2 cal ka BP之间的湖泊水位急剧下降，这由较高的Sr / Ca比和细颗粒沉积物（<35μm）证明，而Ca / Ti比和TOC值则下降。干旱时间更长，随后的湿度在2.2 cal ka BP和〜650 yrs BP之间延长，这与较高的MS值，Ca / Ti比和TOC一致。结果确定了在1.6和1.3 cal ka BP之间，1.1 cal ka BP和cal处的许多干旱事件。约900年BP，由高的Sr / Ca比值证明。在胡桃木的1.6 cal ka BP处开始出现栽培期该地区的萨桑王朝时期（核桃）。对应于中世纪变暖的1.1 cal ka BP的干旱事件的特征是干燥的气候和湖泊水位下降。同时，核桃，橄榄和开心果的种植减少了。存在长叶车前，羊蹄，地榆轻微型，华北蓝和石竹科表明农牧业活动晚全新世中。