Antibiotics and nanoparticles, which are emerging contaminants, can occur simultaneously in biological wastewater treatment systems, potentially resulting in complex interactive effects. This study investigated the effects of individual and complex zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) and antibiotics (quinolone and sulfonamide), on the Shewanella strain used to remove phosphorus (PO₄^3-), metabolic processes, as well as its complexing and toxicity mechanisms. The inhibition of PO₄^3- removal increased from 30.7% to 100.0% with increased nZnO concentrations (half maximal effective concentration (EC50) = 1.1 mg Zn/L) by affecting poly-p and glycogen metabolites. The combined exposure to nZnO and ciprofloxacin/norfloxacin (CIP/NOR) had a significant antagonistic effect on the removal of PO₄^3- and on the metabolism of poly-p and glycogen in phosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs), whereas the complexing of sulfonamide and nZnO had no significant additional effect. Thus, the complexing of nanoparticles and antibiotics exhibited different toxicity effects from the antibiotic structure-based complex reactions. These results can be used to improve wastewater treatment processes and reduce risks associated with wastewater discharge.

抗生素和纳米颗粒是新兴的污染物，可以在生物废水处理系统中同时发生，从而可能导致复杂的相互作用。这项研究调查了单个和复杂的氧化锌纳米颗粒（nZnO）和抗生素（喹诺酮和磺酰胺）对用于去除磷的希瓦氏菌菌株（PO ₄ ^3-），代谢过程及其络合和毒性机制的影响。对PO ₄ ^3-的抑制随着nZnO浓度的增加（半有效最大浓度（EC50）= 1.1 mg Zn / L），去除影响从30.7％增加到100.0％，这是通过影响多磷和糖原代谢产物而实现的。nZnO和环丙沙星/诺氟沙星（CIP / NOR）的联合暴露对磷酸盐积累生物（PAOs）中PO ₄ ^3-的去除以及多聚磷和糖原的代谢具有显着的拮抗作用，而磺酰胺和nZnO没有明显的附加作用。因此，纳米颗粒和抗生素的复合物表现出与基于抗生素结构的复杂反应不同的毒性作用。这些结果可用于改善废水处理过程并减少与废水排放有关的风险。