Climate change and anthropogenic causes represent a multidisciplinary problem in urban environments, specifically in the destruction of historical elements of enormous value. Although conventional preservation methods are based on comprehensive conservation measures and periodic inspection, these urban elements sometimes lie in a state of neglect due to lack of means to carry out continuous monitoring. The present work develops a replicable and easy-to-apply multi-analytical methodology, which proposes the use of standard monitoring to automatically diagnose the elements of heritage buildings. Similar approaches are becoming popular in the setting of Structural Health Monitoring, and their application in the field of environmental monitoring is one of the valuable outputs of this work. Diagnosis is based on the development of an inverse characterisation model of the thermal response in a known state of conservation through standard monitoring. This model is calibrated using real measurements. The methodology involves characterising energy response to environmental excitations measured against what is deemed to be a baseline state of conservation. Also, the monitoring system and data processing required is defined and explained in detail. Anomalies detected in the comparison of the baseline to subsequent real-time measurements would highlight the need to bring scheduled on-site inspections forward with an affordable cost. This benchmarking using the estimation of baseline and real measurements is the main result of the methodology. Finally, the methodology developed was validated with an exhaustive study conducted on the Ziri Wall at Granada, Spain, in both summer and winter. The findings revealed a good fit between calculated and experimental data, with mean absolute errors of under 1 °C in both seasons. The proposal can be applied in other fields such as preventive maintenance.

气候变化和人为原因代表了城市环境中的一个多学科问题，特别是在破坏具有巨大价值的历史要素方面。尽管传统的保护方法基于全面的保护措施和定期检查，但是由于缺乏进行连续监测的手段，这些城市元素有时处于被忽视的状态。本工作开发了一种可复制且易于应用的多分析方法，该方法提出了使用标准监视来自动诊断文物建筑元素的方法。在结构健康监测的环境中，类似的方法正变得越来越流行，它们在环境监测领域的应用是这项工作的宝贵成果之一。诊断的基础是通过标准监测开发的已知保护状态下热响应的逆表征模型。该模型使用实际测量值进行了校准。该方法论涉及表征对环境激发的能量响应，该能量响应被认为是保护的基线状态。此外，详细定义并解释了所需的监视系统和数据处理。在将基线与随后的实时测量进行比较时发现异常，将突出显示需要以可承受的成本进行计划的现场检查。使用基线和实际测量值的估计进行基准测试是该方法的主要结果。最后，夏季和冬季，在西班牙格拉纳达的Ziri墙上进行的详尽研究验证了所开发的方法。研究结果表明计算值和实验值之间具有很好的拟合度，两个季节的平均绝对误差均在1°C以下。该提议可以应用于其他领域，例如预防性维护。