This paper studies a retailer-dominated supply chain including a single upstream manufacturer that produces two substitutable products and a single downstream retailer that undertakes corporate social responsibility activities. The manufacturer is also regulated by a cap-and-trade policy. We first compare two optimization models for a decentralized system, one that does and one that does not incorporate emission reduction technology, to show that the profit of each system member in the former is higher than that in the latter, while the opposite is true for carbon emissions when the technology level invested by the manufacturer is higher than a threshold. To test the performance of the decentralized model that incorporates emission reduction technology, we model a centralized system and reveal that the system profit in the decentralized model is increased and the corresponding carbon emissions generated during production can be reduced. These findings motivate us to propose a revenue and cost-sharing contract to coordinate the decentralized system. The result shows that the economic and environmental sustainability of the decentralized system can be improved. Finally, several managerial implications are derived by conducting a numerical study.

本文研究了一个零售商主导的供应链，其中包括一个生产两种可替代产品的上游制造商和一个承担企业社会责任活动的下游零售商。制造商还受限额交易政策的约束。我们首先比较分散系统的两个优化模型，一个采用分散模式，一个采用不采用减排技术，这表明分散系统中每个系统成员的利润都高于后者，而对于分散系统而言，则相反。制造商投入的技术水平高于阈值时的碳排放量。为了测试结合了减排技术的分散模型的性能，我们对集中式系统进行了建模，发现在分散式模型中系统的利润增加了，并且可以减少生产过程中产生的相应碳排放量。这些发现促使我们提出一项收入和成本分摊合同，以协调权力下放的系统。结果表明，该分散系统的经济和环境可持续性可以得到改善。最后，通过进行数值研究得出了几个管理上的含义。