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Tax-Aware Portfolio Construction via Convex Optimization
Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications ( IF 1.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-25 , DOI: 10.1007/s10957-021-01823-0
Nicholas Moehle , Mykel J. Kochenderfer , Stephen Boyd , Andrew Ang

We describe an optimization-based tax-aware portfolio construction method that adds tax liability to standard Markowitz-based portfolio construction. Our method produces a trade list that specifies the number of shares to buy of each asset and the number of shares to sell from each tax lot held. To avoid wash sales (in which some realized capital losses are disallowed), we assume that we trade monthly and cannot simultaneously buy and sell the same asset. The tax-aware portfolio construction problem is not convex, but it becomes convex when we specify, for each asset, whether we buy or sell it. It can be solved using standard mixed-integer convex optimization methods at the cost of very long solve times for some problem instances. We present a custom convex relaxation of the problem that borrows curvature from the risk model. This relaxation can provide a good approximation of the true tax liability, while greatly enhancing computational tractability. This method requires the solution of only two convex optimization problems: the first determines whether we buy or sell each asset, and the second generates the final trade list. In our numerical experiments, our method almost always solves the nonconvex problem to optimality, and when it does not, it produces a trade list very close to optimal. Backtests show that the performance of our method is indistinguishable from that obtained using a globally optimal solution, but with significantly reduced computational effort.



中文翻译:

通过凸优化构建税收意识的投资组合

我们描述了一种基于优化的税收意识投资组合构建方法,该方法将税收负担添加到基于Markowitz的标准投资组合构建中。我们的方法产生一个交易清单,该清单指定了每种资产要购买的股票数量以及所持有的每个税额中要出售的股票数量。为避免洗盘销售(不允许出现一些已实现的资本损失),我们假设我们每月进行交易,并且不能同时买卖同一资产。认识税收的投资组合建设问题不是凸面的,但是当我们为每种资产指定购买或出售资产时,它就凸面化了。可以使用标准的混合整数凸优化方法来解决该问题,但是对于某些问题实例,这需要花费很长的求解时间。我们提出了从风险模型借来曲率的问题的自定义凸松弛。这种放宽可以提供真实税收负担的​​良好近似值,同时极大地提高了计算的可处理性。这种方法仅需要解决两个凸优化问题:第一个确定我们是购买还是出售每种资产,第二个生成最终交易清单。在我们的数值实验中,我们的方法几乎总是将非凸问题解决到最优,而当没有解决时,它会产生非常接近最优的交易清单。回测表明,我们的方法的性能与使用全局最优解获得的性能没有区别,但计算量却大大减少了。第一个决定我们是购买还是出售每个资产,第二个决定最终的交易清单。在我们的数值实验中,我们的方法几乎总是将非凸问题解决到最优,而当没有解决时,它会产生非常接近最优的交易清单。回测表明,我们的方法的性能与使用全局最优解获得的性能没有区别,但计算量却大大减少了。第一个决定我们是购买还是出售每个资产,第二个决定最终的交易清单。在我们的数值实验中,我们的方法几乎总是将非凸问题解决到最优,而当没有解决时,它会产生非常接近最优的交易清单。回测表明,我们的方法的性能与使用全局最优解获得的性能没有区别,但计算量却大大减少了。

更新日期:2021-02-25
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