The transfer of non-native, possibly invasive species in ship’s ballast water is of global concern, and the International Maritime Organization and U.S. Coast Guard have adopted standards to minimize the environmental footprint caused by the maritime industry. In this study, seawater spiked with the phytoplankter Tetraselmis suecica, was treated with Knutsen Ballast Water Treatment Technology (KBAL), combining UV irradiation with an in-line vacuum drop. The test water was subsequently incubated in dark tanks, simulating what happens onboard a ship, where ballast water is treated at intake, stored in dark ballast tanks during the voyage, and then treated at discharge. Our results of the test water treated with KBAL and stored 5 days in the dark showed 10 living cells ml−1 when assessing metabolism. This highlights the challenge UV-based BWTS can encounter when meeting testing regimes assessing different characteristics of life. By comparing the effects caused by KBAL treatment with effects caused by UV irradiation only, we demonstrated that the pressure/vacuum technology seems to improve the disinfection effect. In addition, our investigations point out possible challenges with in situ conditions getting representative ballast water samples.

中文翻译：

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KBAL 处理后对 Tetraselmis suecica 灭活的影响：具有在线真空下降的基于紫外线的压载水处理系统

船舶压载水中可能是外来入侵物种的转移是全球关注的问题，国际海事组织和美国海岸警卫队已采用标准，以尽量减少海运业造成的环境足迹。在这项研究中，掺有浮游植物 Tetraselmis suecica 的海水经过 Knutsen 压载水处理技术 (KBAL) 处理，将紫外线照射与在线真空下降相结合。测试水随后在暗舱中孵化，模拟船上发生的情况，压载水在进水时进行处理，在航行期间储存在暗压载舱中，然后在排放时处理。我们用 KBAL 处理并在黑暗中储存 5 天的测试水的结果显示，在评估新陈代谢时有 10 个活细胞 ml-1。这突出了基于紫外线的 BWTS 在满足评估不同生命特征的测试制度时可能遇到的挑战。通过比较 KBAL 处理引起的效果与仅由紫外线照射引起的效果，我们证明压力/真空技术似乎可以提高消毒效果。此外，我们的调查指出了在原位条件下获取具有代表性的压载水样本可能存在的挑战。