Environmental Geochemistry and Health ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-25 , DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00858-6 Patompong Saengwilai 1, 2 , Weeradej Meeinkuirt 3
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Zinc mining and smelting activities result in cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) contamination in rice grains, causing deleterious impacts on human health and local economies. Here, we investigated the effects of soil amendments, including mixtures of dicalcium phosphate with cattle manure (T1) and leonardite (T2), on soil physicochemical properties as well as growth performance and accumulation of Cd and Zn among three commercial Thai rice varieties: Khao Dok Mali 105 (KDML105), Phitsanulok2 (PSL2) and RD3, grown in a Cd–Zn co-contaminated paddy field. Human health risk was assessed using the health risk index (HRI) and Daily Intake of Metal (DIM). Application of the amendments, particularly T1, decreased Cd and Zn bioavailability by 60% and 39%, respectively, increased biomass production in PSL2 and RD3 varieties, and substantially reduced Cd uptake in the KDML105 variety by 47%. While levels of Zn in whole plant tissues of all treatments did not exceed maximum levels of undesirable substances in fodder, Cd contents in grain of PSL2 and RD3 exceeded the maximum allowable concentration of 0.2 mg kg−1. The HRI values for Cd of PSL2 and RD3 varieties were relatively high and are considered to pose a potential risk to human health. KDML105 in the T1 treatment had the lowest HRI value (0.05 ± 0.03), which was within acceptable limits. Our results suggest that Cd and Zn accumulation in rice and associated human health risks could be reduced by application of amendments to paddy soils, but the effectiveness depends on amendment types, rice varieties and soil physicochemical properties.
Graphic abstract
中文翻译：
泰国水稻品种的镉 (Cd) 和锌 (Zn) 积累以及 Cd-Zn 共污染稻田中的健康风险评估：土壤改良剂的影响
锌矿开采和冶炼活动导致大米中的镉 (Cd) 和锌 (Zn) 污染，对人类健康和当地经济造成有害影响。在这里，我们研究了土壤改良剂，包括磷酸二钙与牛粪 (T1) 和风化钙 (T2) 的混合物，对三种泰国商业水稻品种的土壤理化特性以及生长性能和 Cd 和 Zn 积累的影响：Khao Dok Mali 105 (KDML105)、Phitsanulok2 (PSL2) 和 RD3，生长在 Cd-Zn 共污染的稻田中。使用健康风险指数 (HRI) 和每日金属摄入量 (DIM) 评估人类健康风险。修正的应用，特别是 T1，分别使 Cd 和 Zn 的生物利用度降低了 60% 和 39%，增加了 PSL2 和 RD3 品种的生物量产量，KDML105 品种的 Cd 吸收量显着降低了 47%。虽然所有处理的全株组织中锌含量均未超过饲料中有害物质的最大含量，但 PSL2 和 RD3 籽粒中的 Cd 含量超过了最大允许浓度 0.2 mg kg-1。PSL2 和 RD3 品种 Cd 的 HRI 值相对较高，被认为对人类健康构成潜在风险。T1 治疗中的 KDML105 具有最低的 HRI 值 (0.05 ± 0.03)，在可接受的范围内。我们的研究结果表明，稻田土壤改良剂可以降低水稻中 Cd 和 Zn 的积累以及相关的人类健康风险，但其有效性取决于改良剂类型、水稻品种和土壤理化性质。
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