The family of bulk forming technologies comprises processes characterised by a complex three-dimensional stress and strain state. Besides shape and material properties, also residual stresses are modified during a bulk metal forming process. The state of residual stresses affects important properties, like fatigue behaviour and corrosion resistance. An adjustment of the residual stresses is possible through subsequent process steps such as heat treatments or mechanical surface modification technologies, like shot peening and deep rolling. However, these additional manufacturing steps involve supplementary costs, longer manufacturing times and harmful effects on the product quality. Therefore, an optimized strategy consists in a targeted introduction of residual stresses during the forming processes. To enable this approach, a fundamental understanding of the underlying mechanisms of residual stress generation in dependence of the forming parameters is necessary. The current state of the art is reviewed in this paper. Strategies for the manipulation of the residual stresses in different bulk forming processes are classified according to the underlying principles of process modification.

整体成形技术家族包括以复杂的三维应力和应变状态为特征的工艺。除了形状和材料特性外，在大块金属成形过程中还会改变残余应力。残余应力的状态会影响重要的性能，例如疲劳行为和耐腐蚀性能。可以通过后续的处理步骤（例如热处理或机械表面改性技术，例如喷丸处理和深轧）来调整残余应力。然而，这些额外的制造步骤涉及附加成本，更长的制造时间以及对产品质量的有害影响。因此，一种优化的策略在于在成型过程中有针对性地引入残余应力。要启用此方法，必须对依赖于成形参数的残余应力产生的潜在机理有一个基本的了解。本文对当前的技术现状进行了回顾。根据过程修改的基本原理，对在不同的整体成型过程中处理残余应力的策略进行了分类。