Pembrolizumab is a treatment that has shown a survival benefit in patients with metastatic melanoma. Programmed death receptor 1 inhibitors are new therapeutic agents that produce clinical responses with a more manageable profile of adverse effects compared to chemotherapy. The most frequent adverse effects include fatigue, rash, myalgia, pyrexia and cough, with less frequent occurrence of immune-mediated adverse reactions such as colitis, pneumonitis, hepatitis and encephalitis. Immune-related hematological toxicities have been poorly described. Here we present the case of a patient with metastatic melanoma who develops pure red series aplasia after almost 3 years of treatment with pembrolizumab. To our knowledge, this is the first case of aplastic anemia during treatment with pembrolizumab, with some peculiarities compared to the published cases in the literature.

中文翻译：

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帕博利珠单抗治疗继发的意外纯红色系列再生障碍性贫血：病例报告和文献复习。

Pembrolizumab 是一种治疗方法，在转移性黑色素瘤患者中显示出生存获益。程序性死亡受体 1 抑制剂是一种新的治疗药物，与化疗相比，其产生的临床反应具有更易于控制的不良反应。最常见的不良反应包括疲劳、皮疹、肌痛、发热和咳嗽，较少发生免疫介导的不良反应，如结肠炎、肺炎、肝炎和脑炎。免疫相关的血液学毒性的描述很少。在这里，我们介绍了一个转移性黑色素瘤患者的案例，该患者在接受 pembrolizumab 治疗近 3 年后出现纯红色系列再生障碍。据我们所知，这是第一例在使用 pembrolizumab 治疗期间出现再生障碍性贫血的病例，