its music is accompanied by a literary text, one that commonly derives from an earlier, independent text; it involves characters and character types, many of whom carry texts from elsewhere; and its performance is usually a public event that in turn produces a mass of texts concerned with reception, criticism, and commentary. Opera, in short, challenges us by means of its brash impurity, its loose ends and excess of meaning, its superfluity of narrative secrets.

中文翻译：

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威尔第其他地方的文字，“节奏，步伐，mio Dio！” （Leonora），《第四次法治》

它的音乐伴随着文学文本，通常来自较早的独立文本。它涉及字符和字符类型，其中许多带有其他地方的文本；它的表现通常是一个公共事件，反过来又产生了大量与接受，批评和评论有关的文本。简而言之，歌剧以其残酷的杂质，漫无目的的结局和过分的意义，多余的叙事秘密来挑战我们。