This article reviews empirical evidence on the reciprocal relation of ethnic minority group members’ national, ethnic, and dual identification on the one hand and their friendships with both minority and majority group members on the other. Emphasis is given to studies that apply longitudinal social network analysis in order to draw inferences about how these group identifications shape social relations and/or how social relations in turn shape individuals’ group identifications. After outlining theoretical mechanisms and showing the advantages of a social network approach, the article summarizes findings on how ethnic, national, and dual identification affect individual preferences for having same ethnic or interethnic friends. Evidence on how friends in turn influence group identifications is also reviewed. The article closes by discussing practical implications of the existing evidence and by pointing to open questions and next steps for further research on the nexus of group identifications and friendship.

中文翻译：

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群体认同和友谊的相互作用：来自纵向社会网络研究的证据

本文回顾了关于少数民族成员的民族、民族和双重认同的相互关系以及他们与少数民族和多数群体成员之间的友谊的经验证据。重点是应用纵向社会网络分析的研究，以得出关于这些群体认同如何塑造社会关系和/或社会关系如何反过来塑造个人群体认同的推论。在概述了理论机制并展示了社交网络方法的优势之后，本文总结了种族、民族和双重认同如何影响个人对拥有相同种族或跨种族朋友的偏好的发现。还回顾了朋友如何反过来影响群体认同的证据。