‘Grasstops mobilizations’ in the context of the European Court of Human Rights and the Court of Justice of the European Union refers to legal and political mobilization carried out by cause lawyers, NGOs, religious, secularist and humanist organizations, political figures and national governments, and by transnational networks which may develop within and between the above groups, depending on their stakes in a given issue. In the domain of religion, such grasstops mobilizations may seek to influence what religion-related issues get placed on a court’s agenda and the climate within which the Court takes its decisions on the latter; they are forces at the European and transnational levels potentially influencing the Court’s engagements with and ultimate handling of religion-related cases. This article draws on interviews carried out with various actors engaged with or impacted by mobilizations around the European courts to yield special insight into who mobilizes, for what reasons and to what effects, and into the conditions under which particular political, religious, or NGO actors are influential. Based upon the latter research as well as examination of certain structural differences between the two courts rendering them differently ‘open’ to various pressures, this contribution considers the comparative susceptibility of the two courts to such mobilizations.

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比较易感性和对两个欧洲法院的不同影响：围绕宗教的基层动员研究

在欧洲人权法院和欧盟法院的背景下，“基层动员”是指由事业律师、非政府组织、宗教、世俗主义和人道主义组织、政治人物和国家政府进行的法律和政治动员，以及可能在上述群体内部和之间发展的跨国网络，这取决于他们在特定问题上的利害关系。在宗教领域，这种基层动员可能试图影响将哪些与宗教相关的问题列入法院议程以及法院对后者作出决定的氛围；它们是欧洲和跨国层面的力量，可能会影响法院对宗教相关案件的参与和最终处理。本文借鉴了对欧洲法院周围参与动员或受动员影响的各种行为者进行的访谈，以对谁动员、出于什么原因和产生的影响以及特定政治、宗教或非政府组织行为者的条件有特别的了解。有影响力。基于后一种研究以及对两个法院之间的某些结构差异的审查，使它们对各种压力不同地“开放”，这一贡献考虑了两个法院对此类动员的相对敏感性。