This article conceptualizes racism and privilege as habitual orientations located at the bodily level, not merely at the level of intention and consciousness. Engaging contemporary critical race thinkers, the analysis explores how William James’s psychological-pragmatic perspective on habit opens up fresh insight into the nature and function of racist habits. The author looks specifically at the value of James’s metaphors of “habits as scars” and “habits as grooved pathways” for conceptualizing racism embedded as bodily habit and habitual orientation. He also applies Bourdieu’s notion of habitus to Christian churches in the United States in order to examine the church as a habituating locus of power and to account for the role of social structures in the formation and reproduction of racist habits. Given the difficulty, even implausibility, of completely erasing racist habits, he considers how James’s view of habit change translates into practical theological approaches for confronting Whiteness and developing more racially just pedagogies and practices that gradually orient the body in new habitual ways of being.

中文翻译：

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面对种族主义习惯：威廉詹姆斯习惯改变观的实际神学意义

本文将种族主义和特权概念化为位于身体层面的习惯取向，而不仅仅是在意图和意识层面。该分析吸引了当代批判性种族思想家，探讨了威廉詹姆斯关于习惯的心理实用观点如何为种族主义习惯的性质和功能开辟了新的视角。作者特别着眼于詹姆斯将“习惯作为伤疤”和“习惯作为凹槽路径”的隐喻的价值，以将种族主义概念化为身体习惯和习惯取向。他还将布迪厄的惯习概念应用于美国的基督教教堂，以将教会视为权力的惯常场所，并解释社会结构在种族主义习惯的形成和再生产中的作用。鉴于困难，甚至难以置信，