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Racism in Foucauldian Security Studies: Biopolitics, Liberal War, and the Whitewashing of Colonial and Racial Violence
International Political Sociology ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2018-12-28 , DOI: 10.1093/ips/oly031
Alison Howell 1 , Melanie Richter-Montpetit 2
Affiliation  

This article argues that while Foucauldian security studies (FSS) scholarship on the biopolitics of security and liberal war has not ignored racism, these works largely replicate Foucault's whitewashing of the raciality and coloniality of modern power and violence. Drawing on Black, indigenous, postcolonial and decolonial studies, we show how Foucault's genealogy of biopower rests on an unspecified concept of the “human,” failing to account for how notions of “human” were constituted through the savage and slave other, how enslaved people were rendered into things, and how punitive, sovereign violence persists as a (settler) colonial technique of gratuitous, not merely instrumental, violence. FSS exacerbates these problems. This article challenges two core FSS propositions on liberal war: 1. that “human life cannot ever be secured,” which replicates Foucault's Eurocentric reliance on an unspecified “human” as the object of biopolitics; 2. that “everyone is (potentially) dangerous” and thus open to the punitive/lethal dimensions of liberal power, which reduces racism to a sorting process after the establishment of biopolitics and liberal war, rather than a precondition of it. This “methodological Whiteness” (Bhambra 2017a) results in major oversights in FSS empirical genealogies of: state violence, twenty-first-century digital and molecular revolutions, labor, capital, and enslavement.

中文翻译:

Foucauldian安全研究中的种族主义:生物政治,自由战争和殖民与种族暴力的粉饰

本文认为,尽管关于安全与自由战争的生物政治的福柯安全研究(FSS)奖学金并未忽视种族主义,但这些著作在很大程度上复制了福柯对现代权力和暴力的种族与殖民主义的粉饰。我们利用黑人,土著,后殖民和后殖民的研究,展示了福柯的生物权力谱系是如何建立在未指明的“人”概念上的,而没有考虑到“人”的概念是如何通过野蛮和奴役他人构成的,如何被奴役人们陷入了困境,惩罚性主权暴力作为一种(定居者)殖民手段,是一种无偿的暴力,而不仅仅是工具性的暴力,这种持续性如何持续存在。FSS加剧了这些问题。本文对有关自由战争的FSS核心命题提出了两个挑战:1.“人类的生命永远无法得到保障,”复制了福柯以欧洲为中心的对未指明的“人类”作为生物政治目标的依赖;2.“每个人(都有)危险”,因此对自由主义权力的惩罚性/致命性方面持开放态度,这将种族主义简化为建立生物政治和自由战争之后的分类过程,而不是种族歧视的先决条件。这种“方法上的白度”(Bhambra,2017a)导致FSS经验家谱的重大疏漏:国家暴力,二十一世纪的数字和分子革命,劳工,资本和奴役。这将种族主义归结为生物政治和自由战争建立之后的分类过程,而不是其先决条件。这种“方法上的白度”(Bhambra,2017a)导致FSS经验家谱的重大疏漏:国家暴力,二十一世纪的数字和分子革命,劳工,资本和奴役。这将种族主义归结为生物政治和自由战争建立之后的分类过程,而不是其先决条件。这种“方法上的白度”(Bhambra,2017a)导致FSS经验家谱的重大疏漏:国家暴力,二十一世纪的数字和分子革命,劳工,资本和奴役。
更新日期:2018-12-28
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