ABSTRACT:New actors and emerging norms are strengthening the focus on the protection of cultural heritage in conflict zones and the codification of transnational legal processes. Following the destruction of cultural and religious sites in Timbuktu in 2012, the International Criminal Court (ICC) prompted a watershed moment in international criminal justice—the Al Mahdi trial, which represented the first ever case before an international court where the defendant was solely charged with the war crime of destruction of cultural heritage. The Al Mahdi case provided an opportunity to identify the victims of crimes of destruction of cultural heritage in international law. Beyond the local communities for whom the destroyed sites were of value, it is apparent that the "international community," personified in this case by UNESCO emerged as an actor with legal and symbolic standing. This article charts the trajectory through which UNESCO became the representative—via bifurcation—of the international community in cases of destruction of cultural heritage.

中文翻译：

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谁是文化遗产犯罪的受害者？

摘要：新的行为者和新兴的规范正在加强对冲突地区文化遗产保护和跨国法律程序编纂的关注。继 2012 年廷巴克图的文化和宗教场所遭到破坏后，国际刑事法院 (ICC) 引发了国际刑事司法的一个分水岭时刻——Al Mahdi 审判，这是有史以来第一起在国际法院审理的案件，其中被告单独受到指控与破坏文化遗产的战争罪。Al Mahdi 案为确定国际法中破坏文化遗产罪行的受害者提供了机会。除了被摧毁的遗址对当地社区有价值之外，“国际社区”显然是 在这种情况下，联合国教科文组织将其人格化，成为具有法律和象征地位的行为者。本文描绘了在文化遗产遭到破坏的情况下，教科文组织通过分歧成为国际社会代表的轨迹。