ABSTRACT:It is hard to fathom the violence and upheaval that Syrians have experienced since 2011. Reliable information is a rare commodity in a war zone, and there are myriad ways of framing suffering and defining loss. However clinical or inexact, body counts have become the metric of choice among a cottage industry of humanitarians, political partisans, and self-styled casualty scientists. Though presented matter-of-factly, casualty figures can vary widely depending on who canvasses the data, what is counted, and how estimates are derived. The way in which the dead are categorized and memorialized nevertheless reveals much about how the war is understood by those closest to it. The direct effects of the violence have received the most attention, but the insidious and long-term effects are appalling as well. Not only is this how most Syrians have experienced the war, but seemingly incidental or collateral damage is often deliberate or even strategic in nature.

中文翻译：

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“哦，战争，你是地狱之子！”：了解叙利亚的大屠杀

摘要：很难理解自 2011 年以来叙利亚人所经历的暴力和动荡。可靠的信息在战区是一种稀有商品，有无数的方式来描述痛苦和定义损失。无论临床或不准确，尸体计数已成为人道主义者、政治党派和自封的伤亡科学家的家庭手工业选择的衡量标准。虽然是实事求是，但伤亡数字可能会有很大差异，具体取决于调查数据的人员、计算的内容以及估算的得出方式。然而，对死者进行分类和纪念的方式揭示了很多最接近战争的人是如何理解战争的。暴力的直接影响最受关注，但其阴险的长期影响也令人震惊。