Abstract:At the beginning of the 1970s, the Jewish Federation of New York underwent a rapid ideological transition from a politics of assimilation to a politics of ethnic survival. Whereas previous treatments of the survivalist turn have focused on cultural change, this article offers an explanation rooted in the financial dynamics and core institutional imperatives that drove executive decision making by Federation’s board of trustees. Over the first half of the twentieth century, recurrent fiscal strain, Jewish class mobility, and the growth of the welfare state propelled the expansion of Federation’s organizational infrastructure and geographic reach far beyond the limited vision of its founders. For a time, the imperative to generate new revenue and preempt competition helped stabilize the ideological consensus around assimilationism. But those same structural dynamics gradually empowered new actors—students, rabbis, and militants—who mobilized to put concerted pressure on Federation to adopt a survivalist program just as old models of institutional reproduction began to break down. Questions of Federation’s political orientation are thus bound up with the same overarching process of institutional adaptation that engendered its sprawling contemporary architecture and communal preeminence.

中文翻译：

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转变慈善事业：纽约犹太联合会的金融和制度演变，1917-86

摘要：1970 年代初，纽约犹太人联合会经历了从同化政治到种族生存政治的快速意识形态转变。尽管先前对生存主义转向的处理侧重于文化变革，但本文提供了一个根植于推动联邦董事会执行决策的金融动态和核心制度要求的解释。在 20 世纪上半叶，反复出现的财政紧张、犹太阶级流动和福利国家的发展推动了联邦组织基础设施和地理范围的扩张，远远超出了其创始人的有限​​视野。有一段时间，创造新收入和抢占竞争的必要性有助于稳定围绕同化主义的意识形态共识。但是，同样的结构动态逐渐赋予新的参与者权力——学生、拉比和武装分子——他们动员起来向联邦施加一致压力，要求其采用生存主义计划，就在旧的制度再生产模式开始瓦解之际。因此，联邦的政治方向问题与制度适应的总体过程密切相关，这种过程产生了其庞大的当代建筑和社区优势。