John Rawls based his theory of justice, in the work of that name, on a ‘Kantian interpretation’ of the status of human beings as ‘free and equal’ persons. In his subsequent, ‘political rather than metaphysical’ expositions of his theory, the conception of citizens of democracies as ‘free and equal’ persons retained its foundational role. But Rawls appealed only to Kant’s moral philosophy, never to Kant’s own political philosophy as expounded in his 1797 Doctrine of Right in theMetaphysics of Morals. I argue here that the structure of Kant’s political philosophy, with its categories of the innate right to freedom, private acquired right and public right, can clarify the relationship between Rawls’s two principles of justice and his scheme of basic liberties and primary goods.

中文翻译：

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正义原则、基本善和权利类别：罗尔斯和康德

约翰·罗尔斯（John Rawls）在他的同名著作中，将他的正义理论建立在对人类作为“自由和平等”人的地位的“康德解释”之上。在他随后对其理论的“政治而非形而上学”阐述中，民主国家公民作为“自由和平等”的人的概念保留了其基础作用。但罗尔斯只诉诸康德的道德哲学，从未诉诸康德自己的政治哲学，正如他在 1797 年的《权利学说》中所阐述的那样道德形而上学. 我在此论证康德政治哲学的结构，包括与生俱来的自由权利、私人获得的权利和公共权利的范畴，可以阐明罗尔斯的两个正义原则与他的基本自由和基本善的计划之间的关系。