Although Kant defends a cosmopolitan ideal, his philosophy is problematically vague regarding how to achieve it, which lends support to the empty formalism charge. How Kant would respond to the crisis in Syria reveals that judgement plays too central a role, because Kantian principles lead to equally reasonable but opposite conclusions on how to weigh the duty of hospitality to refugees against a state’s duty to its own citizens, the right of prevention towards ISIS against the duty not to harm non-combatants, and the responsibility to protect the people of Syria against the duty of non-interference in its internal affairs.

中文翻译：

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康德世界主义的局限：理论、实践与叙利亚危机

尽管康德为世界主义理想辩护，但他的哲学对于如何实现它存在问题，这为空洞的形式主义指控提供了支持。康德将如何应对叙利亚危机揭示了判断力的作用过于核心，因为康德原则得出了同样合理但相反的结论，即如何权衡一国对本国公民的热情好客义务和对本国公民的义务。防止伊斯兰国承担不伤害非战斗人员的义务，以及保护叙利亚人民免受不干涉其内政的义务。