Although it is clear that Zen played some role in the medieval waka tradition (and vice versa), textual uncertainties and controversies have long complicated scholarly efforts to determine the extent. While a considerable amount of scholarly ink has been spilled on the topic in Japanese, the mysteries of waka and Zen have yet to be taken up in any systematic fashion in English. In seeking to remedy this lacuna, this article introduces scholarship and debates on the topic (especially in Japanese), identifies areas for future research, and offers annotated translations of select poems. Topics introduced include: Zen in the imperial anthologies; waka attributed to Zen monks and nuns, such as Dōgen, Mugai Nyodai, Musō Soseki, and Ikkyū; waka and Zen practice; recent scholarship on the 1543 kōan collection Shōnan Kattō Roku (translated by Trevor Leggett as The Warrior Koans or Samurai Zen), which contains waka; and dedicatory sequences featuring Zen monks.

中文翻译：

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Wakaand禅在中世纪日本

尽管很明显，禅宗在中世纪的瓦卡传统中起了一定作用（反之亦然），但文本的不确定性和争议长期以来一直使确定范围的学术努力复杂化。尽管大量的学术墨水已经用日语散布在该主题上，但若歌和禅宗的奥秘还没有以任何系统的方式用英语来处理。为了弥补这一空白，本文介绍了有关该主题的奖学金和辩论（特别是日语），确定了未来研究的领域，并提供了精选诗歌的带注释的译文。介绍的主题包括：禅宗中的禅宗；瓦卡（Waka）归功于禅宗的僧侣和修女，例如道玄（Dōgen），穆加·尼代（Mugai Nyodai），武藏相木（MusōSoseki）和依库（Ikkyū）；和歌和禅修；1543年kōan藏品ShōnanKattōRoku（由Trevor Leggett翻译为The Warrior Koans或Samurai Zen）的最新奖学金，其中包含waka；和禅宗僧侣的奉献顺序。