Effective altruism (EA) is a movement devoted to the idea of doing good in the most effective way possible. EA has been the target of a number of critiques. In this article, I focus on one prominent critique: that EA fails to acknowledge the importance of institutional change. One version of this critique claims that EA relies on an overly individualistic approach to ethics. Defenders of EA have objected that this charge either fails to identify a problem with EA's core idea that each of us should do the most good we can, or makes unreasonable claims about what we should do. However, I argue that we can understand the critique in a way that is well motivated, and that can avoid these objections.

中文翻译：

---

有效的利他主义和集体义务

有效的利他主义(EA) 是一项致力于以最有效的方式行善的运动。EA一直是许多批评的目标。在本文中，我将重点关注一个突出的批评：EA 没有承认制度变革的重要性。这种批评的一个版本声称 EA 依赖于过于个人主义的道德方法。EA 的辩护者反对说，这项指控要么未能发现 EA 的核心理念存在问题，即我们每个人都应该尽我们所能，或者对我们应该做的事情提出不合理的主张。然而，我认为我们可以以一种动机良好的方式理解批评，并且可以避免这些反对意见。