In this article I provide a conceptual analysis of an underexplored issue in the debate about effective altruism: its theory of effectiveness. First, I distinguish effectiveness from efficiency and claim that effective altruism understands effectiveness through the lens of efficiency. Then, I discuss the limitations of this approach in particular with respect to the charge that it is incapable of supporting structural change. Finally, I propose an expansion of the notion of effectiveness of effective altruism by referring to the debate in political philosophy about realism and the practical challenge of normative theories. I argue that effective altruism, both as a social movement and as a conceptual paradigm, would benefit from clarifying its ideal, taking into account the role of institutions, and expanding its idea of feasibility.

中文翻译：

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超越道德效率：有效的利他主义和关于有效性的理论化

在这篇文章中，我对关于有效利他主义的辩论中一个未被充分探索的问题进行了概念分析：它的有效性理论。首先，我将有效性与效率区分开来，并声称有效的利他主义通过效率的视角来理解有效性。然后，我讨论了这种方法的局限性，特别是关于它无法支持结构变化的指控。最后，我通过参考政治哲学中关于现实主义的辩论和规范理论的实际挑战，提出了有效利他主义有效性概念的扩展。我认为，有效的利他主义，无论是作为一种社会运动还是作为一种概念范式，都将受益于澄清其理想，考虑机构的作用，并扩大其可行性理念。