This paper investigates whether female political empowerment is conducive to civil peace, drawing on global data on female political empowerment over a 200 year period, from the Varieties of Democracy database. We augment previous research by expanding the temporal scope, looking at a novel inventory of female empowerment measures, attending to reverse-causality and omitted variable issues, and separating between relevant causal mechanisms. We find a strong link between female political empowerment and civil peace, which is particularly pronounced in the 20th century. When studying mechanisms, we find that this relationship is driven both by women’s political participation and the culture that conduces it. To draw causal inferences, we estimate instrumental variable models and perform causal sensitivity tests. This is the strongest evidence to date that there is a robust link between female political empowerment and civil peace, stemming from both institutional and cultural mechanisms.

中文翻译：

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玻璃天花板上方的和平：女性政治赋权与内乱之间的历史关系

本文利用“民主品种”数据库中200年来有关女性政治赋权的全球数据，调查了女性政治赋权是否有利于公民和平。我们通过扩大时间范围，寻找新的女性赋权措施清单，关注反向因果关系和遗漏的可变问题以及在相关因果机制之间进行划分来扩大先前的研究。我们发现赋予女性政治权力与公民和平之间的紧密联系，这一点在20世纪尤为明显。在研究机制时，我们发现这种关系是由妇女的政治参与和产生这种关系的文化共同驱动的。为了得出因果推论，我们估计了工具变量模型并执行了因果敏感性测试。