The main objective of this paper is to focus on climate responsive design strategies adopted in one of the Dravidian temples, the Nellaiyappar temple, Tirunelveli, as a case example. Temples were the main gathering space and also a source of recreation in the olden days. The temple complexes are spaces with cultural vibrancy. The areas in and around the temple complexes are designed with consideration of the local climatic factors. Each space is designed per the activity, rituals held, and the climatic considerations of that region. In pursuing the investigation, the paper focuses on two main objectives. The first part of the study was to analyse the evolution of Dravidian temples with ages and its space planning within the temple complex. The planning of the temple complex and the materials used in the construction have crossed several transitions, starting from the rock-cut temples to structural temples. The evolution happened across various dynasties, from the Pallava dynasty to Nayaks. The second part of the study was to investigate the influence of climatic factors of the place on the planning of the temple and its precincts. Directly or indirectly, the climatic condition of the site controls the planning features and materials used in construction. Literature analyses of both objectives were done, and to examine them, Nellaiyappar temple, Tirunelveli, was taken as a case example. The study was done using a single method analysis that includes qualitative analysis. This qualitative study was done by a live case study visit to the temples, and further investigation was conducted by reading the plans, photographs, sketches, and sections. The entire temple complex was analysed qualitatively and found that responsive climate strategies were evident in the Nellaiyappar temple, and the design ideas may be adopted in modern temple typologies.

中文翻译：

---

Dravidian庙宇中的气候响应设计原则：以Nellaiyappar庙宇为例

本文的主要目标是着眼于在一个德拉维迪安神庙（Nellaiyappar神庙，蒂鲁内尔维利）中采用的气候响应设计策略，作为一个例子。寺庙是过去的主要聚会场所，也是休闲娱乐的来源。寺庙建筑群是具有文化活力的空间。寺庙建筑群内和周围的区域在设计时要考虑当地的气候因素。每个空间都是根据活动，所举行的仪式以及该地区的气候考虑因素而设计的。在进行调查时，本文着重于两个主要目标。研究的第一部分是分析随着时间的推移，德拉威神庙的演变及其在神庙建筑群内的空间规划。从凿岩庙宇到结构庙宇，庙宇综合体的规划和建筑所用的材料已经经历了几次过渡。从帕拉瓦王朝到纳亚克王朝，进化历代历代。研究的第二部分是研究该地点的气候因素对寺庙及其区域规划的影响。场地的气候条件直接或间接地控制着建筑中使用的规划特征和材料。对这两个目标进行了文献分析，并以蒂鲁内尔维利的Nellaiyappar神庙为例进行了研究。该研究是使用包括定性分析在内的单一方法进行的。这项定性研究是通过对寺庙的现场案例研究来完成的，通过阅读计划，照片，草图和剖面进行进一步的调查。对整个寺庙群进行了定性分析，发现在Nellaiyappar寺庙中明显采用了响应性的气候策略，现代寺庙类型可以采用这种设计思想。