Embedded software is increasingly being used with high reliability. However, the fault localization of embedded software is still largely dependent on the experience of engineers. Besides, faults in embedded software programs are not independent individuals; they are related to each other and affect each other, which may lead to more complex interaction behavior. These uncertainties render the traditional methods for single-fault localization with limited practical value. This paper has proposed a multiple-fault localization method to be applied to the embedded software, with emphasis on the cache-based program spectra-acquiring method and the hybrid clustering-based fault partition method. Through case studies on 108 groups of the subject program, it has been proved that the hybrid clustering-based fault partition method has significantly improved the effectiveness of multiple-fault localization in comparison with the traditional fault localization methods. Experiments on three embedded software programs in engineering have revealed that the cache-based program spectra-acquiring method saves nearly half of the running-time cost compared with the traditional spectrum-acquiring method based on real-time transmission. Therefore, the multiple-fault localization method proposed in this paper can be applied in embedded software debugging and testing in engineering.

中文翻译：

---

嵌入式软件的多故障定位方法及其工程应用

嵌入式软件正日益以高可靠性被使用。但是，嵌入式软件的故障定位在很大程度上仍取决于工程师的经验。此外，嵌入式软件程序中的错误不是独立的个体。它们彼此相关并且相互影响，这可能导致更复杂的交互行为。这些不确定性使得传统的单故障定位方法的实用价值有限。提出了一种适用于嵌入式软件的多故障定位方法，重点研究了基于缓存的程序频谱获取方法和基于混合聚类的故障分区方法。通过对108个主题课程的案例研究，事实证明，与传统的故障定位方法相比，基于混合聚类的故障划分方法显着提高了多故障定位的有效性。在工程中对三个嵌入式软件程序进行的实验表明，与传统的基于实时传输的频谱获取方法相比，基于缓存的程序频谱获取方法节省了近一半的运行时间成本。因此，本文提出的多故障定位方法可以应用于工程中的嵌入式软件调试和测试中。对三个嵌入式软件程序进行的工程实验表明，与传统的基于实时传输的频谱获取方法相比，基于缓存的程序频谱获取方法节省了近一半的运行时间成本。因此，本文提出的多故障定位方法可以应用于工程中的嵌入式软件调试和测试中。在工程中对三个嵌入式软件程序进行的实验表明，与传统的基于实时传输的频谱获取方法相比，基于缓存的程序频谱获取方法节省了近一半的运行时间成本。因此，本文提出的多故障定位方法可以应用于工程中的嵌入式软件调试和测试中。