ABSTRACT

Almost a century has elapsed since the discovery of bacteriophages (phages), and 85 years have passed since the emergence of evidence that phages can infect starter cultures, thereby impacting dairy fermentations. Soon afterward, research efforts were undertaken to investigate phage interactions regarding starter strains. Investigations into phage biology and morphology and phage–host relationships have been aimed at mitigating the negative impact phages have on the fermented dairy industry. From the viewpoint of a supplier of dairy starter cultures, this review examines the composition of an industrial phage collection, providing insight into the development of starter strains and cultures and the evolution of phages in the industry. Research advances in the diversity of phages and structural bases for phage–host recognition and an overview of the perpetual arms race between phage virulence and host defense are presented, with a perspective toward the development of improved phage-resistant starter culture systems.

中文翻译：

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跨尺度生物学：通过显微镜镜头从原子过程到细菌群落

摘要

自发现噬菌体（噬菌体）以来已经过去了近一个世纪，自出现噬菌体可以感染发酵剂培养物从而影响乳制品发酵的证据以来已经过去了 85 年。不久之后，进行了研究工作以研究有关起始菌株的噬菌体相互作用。对噬菌体生物学和形态以及噬菌体-宿主关系的研究旨在减轻噬菌体对发酵乳制品行业的负面影响。从乳制品发酵剂供应商的角度来看，这篇综述检查了工业噬菌体集合的组成，提供了对发酵剂菌株和培养物的发展以及工业中噬菌体进化的见解。