Measurements invariably determine the physical state of a given “observed system” with respect to an “observer system.” This implies an inescapable two-body relationality upon which physical theories must rely. There has been a growing effort to understand how quantum mechanics can accommodate the notion of reference frame in its substratum and whether such approach would respect general covariance. With regard to quantum resources, it has been shown that coherence and entanglement are not invariant upon changes of quantum reference frames. Here, we construct a theoretical framework within which a given combination of quantum resources, including not only coherence and entanglement, is shown to be a physical invariant. Under the premise of the universality of quantum phenomena, the proven covariance between quantum reference frames then implies that the total quantumness accessible to any observer in the universe is absolute.

中文翻译：

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量子资源协方差

测量总是确定给定“观察系统”相对于“观察者系统”的物理状态。这意味着物理理论必须依靠不可避免的两体关系。人们越来越多地努力了解量子力学如何在其底层中适应参考框架的概念，以及这种方法是否会遵守一般协方差。关于量子资源，已经证明相干和纠缠在量子参考系的变化上不是不变的。在这里，我们构建了一个理论框架，其中量子资源的给定组合（不仅包括相干性和纠缠）被证明是物理不变的。在量子现象普遍性的前提下，