Background: Omentin is an adipokine with anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects that can play a protective role against cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The aim was to systematically review and summarize the existing evidence on the association between overall dietary intake and omentin gene expression and circulation. Summary: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to September 2019. Of the 1,940 retrieved articles, 20 relevant studies were included, 6 of which were observational, 11 were clinical trials in humans, and 3 were animal studies. Four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) had a high risk of bias (RoB), 1 had “some concerns”, and 2 had a low RoB. Among the nonrandomized studies with comparators, 4 had a serious RoB and 2 had a moderate RoB. In the experimental animal studies with a moderate RoB, conflicting results for omentin serum concentration were found for high-fat and low-fat diets. A high-fat diet (HFD) was shown to reduce omentin gene expression in one animal study. In the observational studies, omentin serum concentration was reduced by Ramadan fasting and saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake, and an increase in omentin gene expression was observed with monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) intake. There was no association of dietary inflammatory index (DII), macronutrient intake, or total calorie intake with omentin plasma concentrations. In the human interventional studies, omentin plasma concentration increased with a long-term low-calorie, low-fat diet (LFD), and no change was seen with a HFD or a short-term low-calorie diet (LCD). Key Messages: It seems that a long-term diet with a lower fat content and a balanced distribution of fatty acids, i.e., a higher MUFA and lower SFA intake, may effectively increase omentin plasma concentration, possibly via improved insulin resistance and reduced inflammation, but more research is needed to confirm or refute this.
Lifestyle Genomics

中文翻译：

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膳食摄入量会影响 Omentin 基因表达和血浆浓度吗？系统回顾

背景： Omentin 是一种脂肪因子，具有抗炎和胰岛素增敏作用，可以对心血管疾病和糖尿病起到保护作用。目的是系统地审查和总结关于总体膳食摄入量与网膜蛋白基因表达和循环之间关联的现有证据。概括：在 PubMed、Scopus 和 Web of Science 中进行了截至 2019 年 9 月的文献检索。在检索到的 1,940 篇文章中，包括 20 篇相关研究，其中 6 篇为观察性研究，11 篇为人体临床试验，3 篇为动物研究。4 项随机对照试验 (RCT) 具有高偏倚风险 (RoB)，1 项有“一些担忧”，2 项具有低 RoB。在使用比较对象的非随机研究中，4 项有严重的 RoB，2 项有中度的 RoB。在中等 RoB 的实验动物研究中，发现高脂肪和低脂肪饮食中 omentin 血清浓度的结果相互矛盾。一项动物研究显示，高脂肪饮食 (HFD) 可降低网膜蛋白基因表达。在观察性研究中，斋月禁食和饱和脂肪酸 (SFA) 摄入会降低 omentin 血清浓度，观察到单不饱和脂肪酸 (MUFA) 摄入会增加 omentin 基因表达。饮食炎症指数 (DII)、常量营养素摄入量或总卡路里摄入量与 omentin 血浆浓度无关。在人体干预研究中，网膜蛋白血浆浓度随长期低热量、低脂肪饮食 (LFD) 增加而增加，而 HFD 或短期低热量饮食 (LCD) 未见变化。关键信息：似乎长期饮食具有较低的脂肪含量和均衡的脂肪酸分布，即较高的 MUFA 和较低的 SFA 摄入量，可能通过改善胰岛素抵抗和减少炎症有效增加网膜蛋白的血浆浓度，但需要更多的研究来证实或反驳这一点。
生活方式基因组学