Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are strong toxic compounds mainly released to the environment during combustion of fossil fuels, and have strong toxic effects on living organisms, with soil being one of their main reservoirs. High PAH levels in soils can interfere with plant growth and biomass production, causing several losses of diversity. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the co-inoculation of Trichoderma viride and Funneliformis mosseae on PAH dissipation and alleviation of oxidative stress in Triticum aestivum L. (wheat) plants growing in a phenanthrene-spiked soil. We determined the effect of single and dual fungal inoculation on phenanthrene dissipation rates, soil enzyme activities, dry biomass, antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, and organic acid exudation of plants growing in a soil spiked with phenanthrene at 500 and 1000 mg kg⁻¹ soil. The co-inoculation with T. viride and F. mosseae resulted in a high phenanthrene dissipation from the soil. Also, dry biomass, soil enzymes, antioxidant response, organic acid exudation and phenanthrene content in roots were increased by the dual inoculation treatments, whereas lipid peroxidation and phenanthrene content in shoots were reduced. Our results show that the co-inoculation with these two soil fungi significantly promotes phenanthrene dissipation from soil and contributes to alleviating oxidative damage in wheat plants exposed to high levels of phenanthrene.

中文翻译：

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用促进植物生长的真菌接种普通小麦（禾本科）可减轻植物的氧化胁迫并增强土壤中的菲消散

多环芳烃（PAHs）是强毒性化合物，主要在化石燃料燃烧过程中释放到环境中，并且对生物体具有强烈的毒性作用，土壤是其主要储层之一。土壤中的PAH含量高会干扰植物的生长和生物量的产生，从而造成多样性的若干损失。在这项研究中，我们评估了共同接种木霉木霉和莫氏漏斗藻对小麦中PAH耗散和减轻氧化应激的影响。L.（小麦）植物生长在菲基土壤中。我们确定了单次和两次真菌接种对在500和1000 mg kg ^-1土壤中掺有菲的土壤中生长的植物中菲的耗散率，土壤酶活性，干生物量，抗氧化酶，脂质过氧化作用和有机酸渗出的影响。与T. viride和F. mosseae共同接种导致菲从土壤中的大量耗散。此外，双重接种处理增加了根部的干燥生物量，土壤酶，抗氧化剂响应，有机酸渗出和菲含量，而芽中脂质过氧化和菲含量则减少了。我们的结果表明，与这两种土壤真菌共同接种可显着促进土壤中菲的消散，并有助于减轻暴露于高浓度菲的小麦植株的氧化损伤。