ABSTRACT

Five different cultivars each of wheat, pea, and canola were grown with and without copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and boron (B) fertilization, respectively, in a greenhouse study to identify any crop cultivar and rhizosphere soil responses to micronutrient fertilization. The prairie agricultural surface soils (0–10 cm) used in the study were suspected to be micronutrient deficient according to soil extractable levels. Only durum wheat (CDC Fortitude) produced greater biomass from Cu fertilization compared to the other wheat cultivars. Cultivar dependent responses of pea and canola biomass yield to Zn and B fertilization were not significantly (P > .05) different. Boron concentration in whole plant canola tissue increased following fertilizer addition. Micronutrient fertilization increased concentrations and supply rates of available Cu, Zn, and B in post-harvest rhizosphere soil. Fertilizer Cu and Zn were distributed in labile soil solution-carbonate-exchangeable and oxyhydroxide fraction, whereas B was primarily found in the hot water-soluble fraction, specifically adsorbed and oxyhydroxide fractions. The composition of low molecular weight organic acids (formic, propionic, malic, and fumaric acid) in the rhizosphere soil varied among crops. Additionally, citric and tartaric acid were present in the pea and canola rhizosphere soils, respectively. The rhizosphere soil of durum wheat not fertilized with Cu contain higher levels of succinic acid compared to the other wheat cultivars. For pea and canola, there was no significant (P > .05) effect of cultivar on the amounts or forms of organic acids in the rhizosphere soils.

摘要

在温室研究中，分别在有，无铜（Cu），锌（Zn）和硼（B）施肥的情况下，分别种植了小麦，豌豆和油菜的五个不同品种，以确定任何作物品种和根际土壤对微量营养素的反应受精。根据土壤可提取水平，研究中使用的草原农业表层土壤（0-10厘米）被怀疑是微量营养素缺乏的。与其他小麦品种相比，仅硬粒小麦（CDC Fortitude）通过铜肥生产的生物量更高。豌豆和低芥酸菜籽生物量产量对锌和硼肥的品种依赖性反应不显着（P> .05）。添加肥料后，全株油菜组织中的硼浓度增加。微量元素施肥增加了收获后根际土壤中有效铜，锌和硼的浓度和供应率。肥料中的铜和锌分布在不稳定的土壤溶液-碳酸盐可交换的和羟基氧化物的馏分中，而硼则主要存在于热水可溶性馏分中，特别是吸附的和羟基氧化物的馏分中。根际土壤中低分子量有机酸（甲酸，丙酸，苹果酸和富马酸）的组成因作物而异。此外，豌豆和油菜的根际土壤中分别存在柠檬酸和酒石酸。与其他小麦品种相比，未施以铜肥的硬质小麦的根际土壤含有较高水平的琥珀酸。P > .05）品种对根际土壤中有机酸含量或形式的影响。