Abstract

Selenium is an essential micronutrient required for natural biological systems such as anti-oxidative systems. Despite such beneficial aspect, contamination of selenium and its subsequent bioaccumulation can be harmful to environment and human health. In light of the significance of its contamination, various technologies have been developed for the treatment and bioremediation of selenium-laden soil and wastewaters. However, there are still a number of challenges such as establishing its stringent discharge limits, predicting the fate of bio-reduced selenium in the environment, and securing the long-term stability of biogenic selenium. This review highlights the basic factors governing the environmental distribution and behavior of selenium in relation to its sources, speciation, bioavailability, toxicity, and detoxification/tolerance mechanism in microbes and plants. This review is expected to offer valuable insights into the development of effective control options for selenium in the environment.

摘要

硒是天然生物系统（如抗氧化系统）所需的必需微量营养素。尽管有这些有益方面，但硒的污染及其随后的生物积累可能对环境和人类健康有害。鉴于其污染的重要性，已经开发了各种技术来处理和生物修复富硒土壤和废水。然而，仍然存在许多挑战，例如确定其严格的排放限制、预测生物还原硒在环境中的去向以及确保生物硒的长期稳定性。本综述强调了控制硒的环境分布和行为的基本因素，包括其来源、形态、生物利用度、毒性、以及微生物和植物中的解毒/耐受机制。预计该审查将为开发环境中硒的有效控制方案提供有价值的见解。