This paper investigates the ground potential rise (GPR) developed in wind farms subject to direct lightning currents representative of first and subsequent negative downward strokes and return strokes associated with upward negative flashes. The wind farm grounding system is studied considering different numbers of interconnected grounding systems and for distinct values of soil resistivity taking into account frequency-dependent soil parameters. A wideband multiport model of the wind farm grounding system is obtained and implemented in a time-domain electromagnetic transient tool to include the aerial elements in simulations, namely the wind turbine blades and tower. It is shown that interconnecting more wind turbine grounding systems in parallel leads to a significant reduction of the low-frequency grounding resistance, whereas the decrease of the impulse impedance is much lower, especially for low-resistivity soils and negative downward subsequent strokes or negative upward lightning return strokes. It is also shown that the presence of the aerial components significantly affects the GPR in the response to lightning currents representative of negative downward subsequent strokes and return strokes associated with negative upward flashes, which have higher frequency content compared to negative first return strokes. The presence of the aerial components increases the GPR peak.

本文研究了风电场产生的地面电势上升（GPR），这些风电场受到直接雷电流的影响，代表着第一次和随后的负向下冲程以及与向上负向闪光相关的返回冲程。对风电场接地系统进行了研究，其中考虑了不同数量的互连接地系统，并考虑了与频率相关的土壤参数，确定了不同的土壤电阻率值。获得了风电场接地系统的宽带多端口模型，并在时域电磁瞬变工具中实现了该模型，以将模拟中的天线元素包括在内，即风力涡轮机叶片和塔架。结果表明，将更多的风力涡轮机接地系统并行互连会大大降低低频接地电阻，脉冲阻抗的减小要小得多，特别是对于低电阻率土壤和负的向下后续行程或负的向上雷电返回行程。还表明，空中部件的存在在对雷电电流的响应中显着影响了GPR，雷电电流代表负的向下后续冲程和与负的向上闪光相关的返回冲程，与负的第一返回冲程相比，其具有更高的频率含量。空中分量的存在会增加GPR峰值。还显示出，空中组件的存在在对雷电电流的响应中显着影响GPR，雷电电流代表负的向下后续行程和与负的向上闪光相关的返回行程，与负的第一返回行程相比，它们具有更高的频率含量。空中分量的存在会增加GPR峰值。还显示出，空中组件的存在在对雷电电流的响应中显着影响GPR，雷电电流代表负的向下后续行程和与负的向上闪光相关的返回行程，与负的第一返回行程相比，它们具有更高的频率含量。空中成分的存在会增加GPR峰值。