The nuclear rainbow observed in the elastic \(\alpha \)-nucleus and light heavy-ion scattering is proven to be due to the refraction of the scattering wave by a deep, attractive real optical potential. The nuclear rainbow pattern, established as a broad oscillation of the Airy minima in the elastic cross section, originates from an interference of the refracted far-side scattering amplitudes. It is natural to expect a similar rainbow pattern also in the inelastic scattering of a nucleus–nucleus system that exhibits a pronounced rainbow pattern in the elastic channel. Although some feature of the nuclear rainbow in the inelastic nucleus–nucleus scattering was observed in experiment, the measured inelastic cross sections exhibit much weaker rainbow pattern, where the Airy oscillation is suppressed and smeared out. To investigate this effect, a novel method of the near-far decomposition of the inelastic scattering amplitude is proposed to explicitly reveal the coupled partial-wave contributions to the inelastic cross section. Using the new decomposition method, our coupled channel analysis of the elastic and inelastic \(^{12}\)C + \(^{12}\)C and \(^{16}\)O + \(^{12}\)C scattering at the refractive energies shows unambiguously that the suppression of the nuclear rainbow pattern in the inelastic scattering cross section is caused by a destructive interference of the partial waves of different multipoles. However, the inelastic scattering remains strongly refractive in these cases, where the far-side scattering is dominant at medium and large angles like that observed in the elastic scattering.

在弹性\（\ alpha \）中观察到的核彩虹核和轻质重离子的散射被证明是由于散射波被深的，有吸引力的真实光学势能折射所致。核彩虹图案是在弹性横截面中的艾里极小波的广泛振荡而建立的，其起因于折射的远侧散射振幅的干扰。在核-核系统的非弹性散射中也期望有类似的彩虹图案，这在弹性通道中表现出明显的彩虹图案是很自然的。尽管在实验中观察到了非弹性核-核散射中核彩虹的某些特征，但是测得的非弹性横截面显示出较弱的彩虹图案，其中艾里振动被抑制并被抹去。为了研究这种效果，提出了一种新的非弹性散射振幅近距离分解方法，以明确揭示耦合波对非弹性截面的贡献。使用新的分解方法，我们的弹性和非弹性耦合通道分析\（^ {12} \） C + \（^ {12} \） C和\（^ {16} \） O + \（^ {12} \） C在折射能量处的散射清楚地表明，抑制非弹性散射截面中的核彩虹图案是由不同多极子波的相消干涉引起的。但是，在这些情况下，非弹性散射仍保持强折射性，其中在弹性散射中观察到的大和中角度，远端散射占主导。