Many economic measures are structured to reflect ethical values. I describe three attitudes towards this: maximalism, according to which we should aim to build all relevant values into measures; minimalism, according to which we should aim to keep values out of measures; and an intermediate view. I argue the intermediate view is likely correct, but existing versions are inadequate. In particular, economists have strong reason to structure measures to reflect fixed, as opposed to user-assessable, values. This implies that, despite disagreement about precisely how to do so, economists should standardly adjust QALYs and DALYs to reflect egalitarian values.

中文翻译：

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哪些价值观应纳入经济措施？

许多经济措施的结构都反映了道德价值观。我描述了对此的三种态度：极简主义，据此，我们应该致力于将所有相关的价值观纳入衡量标准；极简主义，据此，我们的目标应该是让价值观远离衡量标准；和中间的看法。我认为中间观点可能是正确的，但现有版本是不够的。特别是，经济学家有充分的理由构建措施以反映固定的, 而不是用户可评估, 值。这意味着，尽管在具体如何做到这一点上存在分歧，经济学家应该标准地调整 QALYs 和 DALYs 以反映平等主义价值观。