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Stereotypical Inferences: Philosophical Relevance and Psycholinguistic Toolkit
Ratio ( IF 0.6 ) Pub Date : 2017-06-20 , DOI: 10.1111/rati.12174
Eugen Fischer 1 , Paul E. Engelhardt 2
Affiliation  

Stereotypes shape inferences in philosophical thought, political discourse, and everyday life. These inferences are routinely made when thinkers engage in language comprehension or production: We make them whenever we hear, read, or formulate stories, reports, philosophical case-descriptions, or premises of arguments – on virtually any topic. These inferences are largely automatic: largely unconscious, non-intentional, and effortless. Accordingly, they shape our thought in ways we can properly understand only by complementing traditional forms of philosophical analysis with experimental methods from psycholinguistics. This paper seeks, first, to bring out the wider philosophical relevance of stereotypical inference, well beyond familiar topics like gender and race. Second, we wish to provide (experimental) philosophers with a toolkit to experimentally study these ubiquitous inferences and what intuitions they may generate. This paper explains what stereotypes are (Section 1), and why they matter to current and traditional concerns in philosophy – experimental, analytic, and applied (Section 2). It then assembles a psycholinguistic toolkit and demonstrates through two studies (Sections 3-4) how potentially questionnaire-based measures (plausibility-ratings) can be combined with process measures (reaction times and pupillometry) to garner evidence for specific stereotypical inferences and study when they ‘go through’ and influence our thinking.

中文翻译:

陈规定型推论:哲学相关性和心理语言学工具包

刻板印象塑造了哲学思想、政治话语和日常生活中的推论。这些推论通常是在思想家进行语言理解或生产时做出的:每当我们听到、阅读或阐述几乎任何主题的故事、报告、哲学案例描述或论证前提时,我们都会做出这些推论。这些推论在很大程度上是自动的:在很大程度上是无意识的、无意识的和毫不费力的。因此,它们以我们只能通过用心理语言学的实验方法补充传统的哲学分析形式才能正确理解的方式塑造我们的思想。首先,本文旨在揭示刻板推理的更广泛的哲学相关性,远远超出性别和种族等熟悉的主题。第二,我们希望为(实验性)哲学家提供一个工具包,以通过实验研究这些无处不在的推论以及它们可能产生的直觉。本文解释了刻板印象是什么(第 1 节),以及为什么它们对当前和传统的哲学关注点很重要——实验、分析和应用(第 2 节)。然后,它组装了一个心理语言学工具包,并通过两项研究(第 3-4 节)展示了潜在的基于问卷的测量(可信度评级)如何与过程测量(反应时间和瞳孔测量)相结合,以收集特定刻板印象推论的证据,并研究何时它们“穿过”并影响我们的思维。以及为什么它们对当前和传统的哲学关注点很重要——实验、分析和应用(第 2 节)。然后,它组装了一个心理语言学工具包,并通过两项研究(第 3-4 节)展示了潜在的基于问卷的测量(可信度评级)如何与过程测量(反应时间和瞳孔测量)相结合,以收集特定刻板印象推论的证据,并研究何时它们“穿过”并影响我们的思维。以及为什么它们对当前和传统的哲学关注点很重要——实验、分析和应用(第 2 节)。然后,它组装了一个心理语言学工具包,并通过两项研究(第 3-4 节)展示了潜在的基于问卷的测量(可信度评级)如何与过程测量(反应时间和瞳孔测量)相结合,以收集特定刻板印象推论的证据,并研究何时它们“穿过”并影响我们的思维。
更新日期:2017-06-20
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