This article outlines a program of ethnoontology that brings together empirical research in the ethnosciences with ontological debates in philosophy. First, we survey empirical evidence from heterogeneous cultural contexts and disciplines. Second, we propose a model of cross‐cultural relations between ontologies beyond a simple divide between universalist and relativist models. Third, we argue for an integrative model of ontology building that synthesizes insights from different fields such as biological taxonomy, cognitive science, cultural anthropology, and political ecology. We conclude by arguing that a program of ethnoontology provides philosophers both with insights about traditional issues such as debates about natural kinds and with novel strategies for connecting philosophy with pressing global issues such as the conservation of local environments and the self‐determination of Indigenous communities.

中文翻译：

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民族学：跨文化的世界建构方式

本文概述了一个民族学计划，该计划将民族学中的实证研究与哲学中的本体论辩论结合在一起。首先，我们调查来自不同文化背景和学科的经验证据。其次，我们提出了本体论之间的跨文化关系模型，该模型超越了普遍主义模型和相对主义模型之间的简单划分。第三，我们主张建立一个本体构建的集成模型，该模型综合来自不同领域的见解，例如生物分类学，认知科学，文化人类学和政治生态学。