Self‐driving cars hold out the promise of being much safer than regular cars. Yet they cannot be 100% safe. Accordingly, we need to think about who should be held responsible when self‐driving cars crash and people are injured or killed. We also need to examine what new ethical obligations might be created for car users by the safety potential of self‐driving cars. The article first considers what lessons might be learned from the growing legal literature on responsibility for crashes with self‐driving cars. Next, worries about responsibility gaps and retribution gaps from the philosophical literature are introduced. This leads to a discussion of whether self‐driving cars are a form of agents that act independently of human agents. It is suggested that it is better to analyze their apparent agency in terms of human–robot collaborations, within which humans play the most important roles. The next topic is the idea that the safety potential of self‐driving cars might create a duty to either switch to self‐driving cars or seek means of making conventional cars safer. Lastly, there is a short discussion of ethical issues related to safe human–robot coordination within mixed traffic featuring both self‐driving cars and conventional cars.

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自动驾驶汽车撞车的伦理：路线图，II

自动驾驶汽车有望实现比普通汽车更安全的承诺。但是，它们不能100％安全。因此，我们需要考虑当自动驾驶汽车撞车，人员受伤或死亡时，应该由谁负责。我们还需要研究自动驾驶汽车的安全潜力可能给汽车使用者带来哪些新的道德义务。本文首先考虑了从不断增长的有关自动驾驶汽车碰撞责任的法律文献中学到的教训。接下来，从哲学文献中介绍对责任差距和报酬差距的担忧。这引发了关于无人驾驶汽车是否是一种独立于人类行为者的行为的形式的讨论。建议最好从人机协作的角度分析其明显的代理，在其中人类扮演着最重要的角色。下一个主题是这样的想法，即自动驾驶汽车的安全潜力可能会产生责任，要么转向自动驾驶汽车，要么寻求使传统汽车更安全的方法。最后，简短讨论与自动驾驶汽车和传统汽车同时存在的混合交通中人与机器人的安全协调有关的道德问题。