abstract:There are two rival models on how to interpret causal chains in Kant. Traditional event-event models take it that events are causes of events, which are in turn causes of other events. Watkins’s causal powers interpretation, on the contrary, has it that substances have unchangeable grounds, and the series of events is only a series within the effect. By comparing Kant to Crusius, I argue that, to some extent, both approaches can be combined. For the powers of substances are made active by other powers, but, at the same time, powers belong to the nature of a substance and are unchangeable. Moreover, non-causal properties that resemble Crusian existential grounds contribute to the effect as well. Finally, I give an account of the mereology of events by drawing on Kant’s resolution of the Second Antinomy.

中文翻译：

---

因果链上的康德和克鲁修斯

摘要：关于如何解释康德的因果链，有两种相互竞争的模型。传统的事件-事件模型认为事件是事件的原因，而事件又是其他事件的原因。相反，沃特金斯的因果关系解释认为，物质具有不变的根据，事件系列只是效果中的系列。通过比较康德和克鲁修斯，我认为，在某种程度上，这两种方法可以结合起来。因为实体的力量被其他力量激活，但同时，力量属于实体的本性，是不变的。此外，类似于 Crusian 存在理由的非因果属性也有助于这种效果。最后，我利用康德对第二二律背反律的解析来说明事件的分体学。