Phoebe Apperson Hearst, called “California's greatest woman” at her death in 1919, was very rich—and very philanthropic. Despite attending school in rural Missouri only a year or so past the eighth grade, Hearst directed her most influential benefactions toward education, particularly for women. She became a prime mover in the kindergarten movement and PTA, established women's scholarships at UC Berkeley, and was UC's first female regent.This article, drawing on Hearst's extensive archive, describes music's role in her philanthropy. She supported individual artists and ensembles, staged elaborate musicales at her various homes, funded music performing spaces, patronized renowned singers and instrumentalists, provided musical performances for college students and the general public, and encouraged the formation of an opera school.As a female patron championing women's education, Hearst was caught between the conservative ideology of male–female “spheres” and the New Woman movement of the early twentieth century. Her wealth allowed her to transcend old models; yet she was also conditioned by them, as shown in her attitudes toward women's suffrage and “proper” female behaviors. By bolstering the traditional view of women as the culture-bearers in U.S. society, Hearst's philanthropy functioned as both retrospective reinforcement and progressive idealism.

中文翻译：

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实用理想主义：菲比·阿普森·赫斯特的音乐赞助

菲比·阿普森·赫斯特 (Phoebe Apperson Hearst) 在 1919 年去世时被称为“加州最伟大的女性”，她非常富有，而且非常慈善。尽管在密苏里州农村上学仅过了八年级一年左右，赫斯特将她最有影响力的慈善事业转向了教育，尤其是女性。她成为幼儿园运动和 PTA 的主要推动者，在加州大学伯克利分校设立了女性奖学金，并且是加州大学的第一位女校长。这篇文章借鉴了赫斯特的大量档案，描述了音乐在她的慈善事业中的作用。她支持个人艺术家和乐团，在她的各个家中上演精心制作的音乐剧，资助音乐表演空间，光顾著名歌手和乐器演奏家，为大学生和公众提供音乐表演，并鼓励成立歌剧学校。作为倡导女性教育的女性赞助人，赫斯特陷入了男女“领域”的保守意识形态和二十世纪初的新女性运动之间。她的财富让她超越了旧模式；然而，她也受制于这些，这从她对女性选举权和“适当”女性行为的态度中可以看出。通过支持女性作为美国社会文化承载者的传统观点，赫斯特的慈善事业起到了追溯强化和进步理想主义的作用。然而，她也受制于这些，这从她对女性选举权和“适当”女性行为的态度中可以看出。通过支持女性作为美国社会文化承载者的传统观点，赫斯特的慈善事业起到了追溯强化和进步理想主义的作用。然而，她也受制于这些，这从她对女性选举权和“适当”女性行为的态度中可以看出。通过支持女性作为美国社会文化承载者的传统观点，赫斯特的慈善事业起到了追溯强化和进步理想主义的作用。