Ainu ethnographic objects in U.S. museums exist in collections mediated by collectors during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Marks and modifications on these objects provide insight into Indigenous uses and meanings that were not always present in ethnographers' accounts. This is particularly important when considering trade items, because they encompass evidence of changes in meaning as they moved through differing cultural contexts. Trade items can be hard to find in collections that were made using the paradigm of salvage ethnography. However, Japanese historical records, Ainu poetry, and Ainu language all suggest that trade goods were an important part of Ainu religious practice. Using these sources, along with an examination of Ainu-inscribed marks of ownership, I compare collections made by Western collectors specifically for museums and reassemble their contents with a focus on Ainu understandings of the objects' meanings. [Ainu, Japan, collecting]

中文翻译：

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在阿伊努物品上标记所有权：美国的三个博物馆收藏

美国博物馆中的阿伊努民族志物品存在于 19 世纪末和 20 世纪初由收藏家调解的收藏品中。这些物品上的标记和修改提供了对土著用途和含义的洞察，这些用途和含义并不总是出现在人种学家的描述中。这在考虑贸易项目时尤为重要，因为它们包含随着它们在不同的文化背景中移动时意义发生变化的证据。在使用打捞民族志范式制作的收藏品中很难找到贸易项目。然而，日本的历史记录、阿伊努诗歌和阿伊努语都表明贸易商品是阿伊努宗教活动的重要组成部分。使用这些来源，以及对阿伊努人铭刻的所有权标记的检查，我比较了西方收藏家专门为博物馆制作的收藏品，并重新组合了它们的内容，重点是阿伊努人对物品含义的理解。[日本阿伊努人，收藏]