Penetration of renewable energy in power systems has been increasing in the past decades in response to increased global electricity demand and concerns for the environment. Distributed energy resources (DERs) based on renewables have experienced rapid growth thanks to the incentive programs and broad-based participation. With the growing prevalence of DERs, the risk of grid instability and vulnerability increases due to the intermittent nature of renewable energy. At the same time, the voltage and frequency deviation problems emerge more often when the reverse power flow occurs under supply-demand imbalance in distributed power systems. Standards and grid codes have been issued for DER inverters to interconnect with the distribution grid. The updated standard and grid codes expect DERs to provide a variety of power system support functions in order to incorporate higher DER penetration and to maximize DER value to the grid. This paper provides an overview of the power system support functions from renewable DER inverters, which are categorized as: voltage regulation by active/reactive power control, frequency regulation by active power control, voltage ride-through, and frequency ride-through. The benefits and drawbacks of each algorithm are presented and compared with its predecessor, manifesting the logic in the evolution of the algorithms.

中文翻译：

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基于逆变器的分布式能源的电力系统支持功能的回顾-标准，控制算法和趋势

响应全球日益增长的电力需求和对环境的关注，过去几十年来，电力系统中可再生能源的渗透率一直在增长。得益于激励计划和广泛参与，基于可再生能源的分布式能源（DER）经历了快速增长。随着DER的普及，由于可再生能源的间歇性，电网不稳定和脆弱性的风险增加。同时，在分布式电源系统中，在供需不平衡下发生反向潮流时，电压和频率偏差问题会更加频繁地出现。已经发布了用于DER逆变器与配电网互连的标准和电网规范。更新后的标准和电网法规要求DER提供各种电力系统支持功能，以便合并更高的DER渗透率并最大限度地提高DER对电网的价值。本文概述了可再生DER逆变器的电源系统支持功能，这些功能分为：通过有功/无功功率控制进行电压调节，通过有功功率控制进行频率调节，电压穿越和频率穿越。提出了每种算法的优缺点，并将其与以前的算法进行了比较，体现了算法发展的逻辑。通过有功/无功功率控制进行电压调节，通过有功功率控制进行频率调节，电压穿越和频率穿越。介绍了每种算法的优缺点，并将其与以前的算法进行了比较，从而体现了算法发展的逻辑。通过有功/无功功率控制进行电压调节，通过有功功率控制进行频率调节，电压穿越和频率穿越。介绍了每种算法的优缺点，并将其与以前的算法进行了比较，从而体现了算法发展的逻辑。