Recent observations of QGP-like conditions in high-multiplicity pp collisions from ALICE experiment at the LHC warrant an introspection whether to use pp collisions as a baseline measurement to characterize heavy-ion collisions for the possible formation of a Quark-Gluon Plasma. A double differential study of the particle spectra and thermodynamics of the produced system as a function of charged-particle multiplicity and transverse spherocity in pp collisions would shed light on the underlying event dynamics. Transverse spherocity, one of the event shape observables, allows to separate the events in terms of jetty and isotropic events. We analyse the identified particle transverse momentum () spectra as a function of charged-particle multiplicity and transverse spherocity using Tsallis nonextensive statistics and Boltzmann-Gibbs Blast-Wave (BGBW) model in pp collisions at using PYTHIA8 event generator. The extracted parameters such as temperature (), radial flow (), and nonextensive parameter () are shown as a function of charged-particle multiplicity for different spherocity classes. We observe that the isotropic events approach thermal equilibrium while the jetty ones remain far from equilibrium. We argue that, while studying the QGP-like conditions in small systems, one should separate the isotropic events from the spherocity-integrated events, as the production dynamics are different.

中文翻译：

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使用PYTHIA8时质子+质子碰撞中的冻结情形和系统热力学的事件形状和多重依赖性

LHC在ALICE实验中对高倍数pp碰撞中类似QGP情况的最新观察证明，是否可以使用pp碰撞作为基线测量来表征重离子碰撞以形成Quark-Gluon等离子体的可能性值得反思。对pp碰撞中产生的系统的粒子光谱和热力学与带电粒子多重性和横向球度的函数进行双微分研究，将揭示潜在的事件动力学。横向球面度是事件形状的一种观测值，可以根据跳动和各向同性事件来分离事件。我们分析确定的粒子横向动量（） Tsallis非扩展统计量和Boltzmann-Gibbs Blast-Wave（BGBW）模型在pp碰撞下的光谱与带电粒子多重性和横向球度的关系 使用PYTHIA8事件生成器。所提取的参数（例如温度（），径向流（）和非扩展参数（））显示为不同球度类别的带电粒子多重性的函数。我们观察到各向同性事件接近热平衡，而码头事件则远离平衡。我们认为，在研究小型系统中类似QGP的条件时，应该将各向同性事件与球度积分事件分开，因为生产动力学是不同的。