Abstract

Based on untapped Indian archives, this article details how Delhi built Accra’s security service in 1958-61. Keen to reduce its dependency on the outgoing British colonial administration, Ghana sought India’s support when both the Cold War rivalry and the Afro-Asian Solidarity were at a peak. In doing so, Ghana inherited a similar set of problems affecting Indian intelligence, which in itself was supported by the British i.e. resorting to colonial policing methods, lack of legislative oversight, and a recruitment system based on partisan loyalties instead of professionalism. The Foreign Service Research Bureau (external intelligence) and the Special Branch (domestic intelligence) effectively secured Ghana’s first prime minister and then president Kwame Nkrumah from real and perceived adversaries. But their methods of functioning fed his authoritarian appetite –ultimately leading to an unceremonious ouster– during a highly turbulent phase in Ghanaian history. The first and only time India helped create, and unofficially lead, another country’s intelligence service, this history sheds light on India and Ghana’s approach towards intelligence in the aftermath of independence.

摘要

根据未开发的印度档案，本文详细介绍了德里如何在 1958-61 年建立阿克拉的安全服务。为了减少对即将离任的英国殖民政府的依赖，加纳在冷战对抗和亚非团结达到顶峰时寻求印度的支持。在这样做的过程中，加纳继承了一系列影响印度情报的类似问题，这些问题本身得到了英国的支持，即诉诸殖民治安方法、缺乏立法监督以及基于党派忠诚而非专业精神的招聘制度。外交研究局（外部情报）和特别处（国内情报）有效地保护了加纳的第一任总理和时任总统夸梅·恩克鲁玛，使其免受真实和假想的对手的攻击。但在加纳历史上一个高度动荡的阶段，他们的运作方式满足了他的威权胃口——最终导致了一场毫不客气的下台。这是印度第一次也是唯一一次帮助建立并非正式领导另一个国家的情报部门，这​​段历史揭示了印度和加纳在独立后对情报的态度。