The paper examines the nexus between skills mismatch, educational/industrial policies, and brain circulation in Israel. Focusing on the field of life sciences (LS), it argues that migratory movements of highly educated Israelis are fueled by vertical (inadequate level) and horizontal (inadequate type) skills mismatches. It shows that whereas many so-called bio-brains migrate due to being underqualified (lacking postdoctoral training), their return is often delayed or prevented altogether due to shortage of academic positions and the incompatibility between their fields of (academic) specialisation and the (industrial) jobs available in the country's small LS industry. Drawing on primary and secondary qualitative data, the paper analyses the structural forces and agentic articulations behind this migration paradox, which sees departing bio-scientists who are underqualified for academic positions becoming (potential) returnees who are largely overqualified and inappropriately trained for industrial jobs. The paper concludes by highlighting potential avenues for research on the links between skills mismatch and international mobility.

中文翻译：

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技能不匹配与以色列生命科学家的移民悖论

该论文考察了以色列技能不匹配、教育/产业政策和人才流通之间的关系。它以生命科学 (LS) 领域为重点，认为受过高等教育的以色列人的移民运动是由垂直（水平不足）和水平（不足类型）技能不匹配推动的。它表明，尽管许多所谓的生物大脑由于资格不足（缺乏博士后培训）而迁移，但由于学术职位短缺以及他们的（学术）专业领域与（工业）该国小型 LS 行业提供的工作。本文利用主要和次要的定性数据，分析了这种迁移悖论背后的结构力和代理表达，这使得在学术职位上资格不足的即将离任的生物科学家成为（潜在的）海归，他们在很大程度上资格过高并且没有接受过工业工作的适当培训。本文最后强调了研究技能不匹配与国际流动之间联系的潜在途径。