The ocean and inland waters are two separate regimes, with concentrations in greenhouse gases differing on orders of magnitude between them. Together, they create the land–ocean aquatic continuum (LOAC), which comprises itself largely of areas with little to no data with regards to understanding the global carbon system. Reasons for this include remote and inaccessible sample locations, often tedious methods that require collection of water samples and subsequent analysis in the lab, and the complex interplay of biological, physical and chemical processes. This has led to large inconsistencies, increasing errors and has inevitably lead to potentially false upscaling. A set-up of multiple pre-existing oceanographic sensors allowing for highly detailed and accurate measurements was successfully deployed in oceanic to remote inland regions over extreme concentration ranges. The set-up consists of four sensors simultaneously measuring pCO₂, pCH₄ (both flow-through, membrane-based non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) or tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) sensors), O₂ and a thermosalinograph at high resolution from the same water source. The flexibility of the system allowed for deployment from freshwater to open ocean conditions on varying vessel sizes, where we managed to capture day–night cycles, repeat transects and also delineate small-scale variability. Our work demonstrates the need for increased spatiotemporal monitoring and shows a way of homogenizing methods and data streams in the ocean and limnic realms.

中文翻译：

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技术说明：跨陆地-海洋水连续体的无缝气体测量-对比环境中现场部署的CO ₂，CH ₄和O ₂传感器数据的校正和评估

海洋和内陆水域是两个独立的制度，温室气体的浓度之间存在数量级的差异。他们共同创造了陆地-海洋水上连续体（LOAC），它本身主要由几乎没有关于了解全球碳系统的数据的地区组成。造成这种情况的原因包括：样品位置偏远且难以接近；通常乏味的方法需要收集水样品并在实验室中进行后续分析；以及生物，物理和化学过程之间的复杂相互作用。这导致了很大的不一致性，增加了错误，并且不可避免地导致了潜在的错误升级。在极端浓度范围内的海洋到偏远内陆地区，已经成功部署了多个预先存在的海洋传感器，可以进行高度详细和准确的测量。该设置包括四个同时测量的传感器p CO ₂， p CH ₄（流通式，基于膜的非分散红外（NDIR）或可调二极管激光吸收光谱（TDLAS）传感器），O ₂和来自同一水源的高分辨率热盐仪。该系统的灵活性允许以不同的船型从淡水部署到开阔的海洋条件，我们设法捕获了昼夜周期，重复的样带并描述了小规模的变化。我们的工作表明需要加强对时空的监测，并显示出一种使海洋和林区中的方法和数据流均匀化的方法。