ABSTRACT

Background: The current COVID-19 pandemic is associated with a variety of stressors. Preliminary research has demonstrated that general public are experiencing a range of psychological problems, including stress-related disturbances. However, to date, there is not much research on the prevalence of adjustment disorder during the current pandemic.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and severity of symptoms of adjustment disorder compared to posttraumatic symptoms, depression and generalized anxiety in a large sample of adult Poles, in the first phase of the current pandemic.

Method: Self-report data from a web-based sample (N = 1,742) was collected between March 25 and April 27, just after the introduction of nationwide quarantine measures in Poland.

Results: The current COVID-19 pandemic was a highly stressful event for 75% of participants and the strongest predictor of adjustment disorder. Increased symptoms of adjustment disorder were reported by 49%, and they were associated with female gender and not having a full-time job. However, after exclusion of co-occurring symptomatology, 14% of the sample were finally qualified as meeting diagnostic criteria of adjustment disorder. A substantial proportion of the sample screened also positive for generalized anxiety (44%) and depression (26%); the rate for presumptive PTSD diagnosis was 2.4%.

Conclusions: High rates of negative mental health outcomes were found in the Polish population in the first weeks into the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown measures. They indicate the intense current stress-related symptoms in the early phase of the pandemic and warrant further monitoring on population’s mental health.

摘要

背景：当前的 COVID-19 大流行与多种压力源有关。初步研究表明，公众正在经历一系列心理问题，包括与压力相关的障碍。然而，迄今为止，关于当前大流行期间适应障碍的流行情况的研究并不多。

目的：本研究旨在评估在当前大流行的第一阶段，在大量成年波兰人样本中，与创伤后症状、抑郁和广泛性焦虑相比，适应障碍症状的流行和严重程度。

方法： 在波兰实行全国隔离措施后，于 3 月 25 日至 4 月 27 日期间收集了来自网络样本 ( N = 1,742)的自我报告数据。

结果：当前的 COVID-19 大流行对 75% 的参与者来说是一个压力很大的事件，并且是适应障碍的最强预测因素。据报道，适应障碍的症状增加了 49%，并且与女性和没有全职工作有关。然而，在排除同时发生的症状后，最终有 14% 的样本符合适应障碍的诊断标准。筛查的样本中有很大一部分对广泛性焦虑（44%）和抑郁（26%）也呈阳性；推定 PTSD 诊断率为 2.4%。

结论：在 COVID-19 大流行和封锁措施实施的最初几周内，波兰人口的负面心理健康结果发生率很高。它们表明了大流行早期与当前压力相关的强烈症状，需要进一步监测人群的心理健康。