The presence of noise in towed marine seismic data is a long-standing problem. The various types of noise present in marine seismic records are never truly random. Instead, seismic noise is more complex and often challenging to attenuate in seismic data processing. Therefore, we have examined a wide range of real data examples contaminated by different types of noise including swell noise, seismic interference noise, strumming noise, passing vessel noise, vertical particle velocity noise, streamer hit and fishing gear noise, snapping shrimp noise, spike-like noise, cross-feed noise, and streamer-mounted device noise. The noise examples investigated focus only on data acquired with analog group forming. Each noise type is classified based on its origin, coherency, and frequency content. We then determine how the noise component can be effectively attenuated through industry-standard seismic processing techniques. In this tutorial, we avoid presenting the finest details of either the physics of the different types of noise themselves or the noise attenuation algorithms applied. Rather, we focus on presenting the noise problems themselves and find out how well the community is able to address such noise. Our aim is that, based on the provided insights, the geophysical community will be able to gain an appreciation of some of the most common types of noise encountered in marine towed seismic, in the hope to inspire more researchers to focus their attention on noise problems with greater potential industry impact.

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拖曳式海洋地震中的噪声类型及其衰减：教程

拖曳的海洋地震数据中噪声的存在是一个长期存在的问题。海洋地震记录中存在的各种噪声从来都不是真正随机的。取而代之的是，地震噪声更为复杂，并且在地震数据处理中通常难以衰减。因此，我们研究了许多受不同类型噪声污染的实际数据示例，这些噪声包括膨胀噪声，地震干扰噪声，弹跳噪声，通过船只噪声，垂直粒子速度噪声，拖缆撞击和渔具噪声，noise虾噪声，尖峰噪声。噪声，交叉馈电噪声和安装在拖缆上的设备噪声。所研究的噪声示例仅关注通过模拟组形成获取的数据。每种噪声类型均根据其来源，相干性和频率含量进行分类。然后，我们确定如何通过行业标准的地震处理技术有效地衰减噪声分量。在本教程中，我们避免提供有关不同类型噪声本身或所应用噪声衰减算法的物理学的最详细信息。相反，我们着重于自身提出噪声问题，并找出社区能够如何有效地解决此类噪声。我们的目标是，根据提供的见解，地球物理界将能够对海洋拖曳地震中遇到的一些最常见的噪声类型有所了解，以期激发更多的研究人员将注意力集中在噪声问题上具有更大的潜在行业影响。我们避免提供有关不同类型噪声本身或所应用噪声衰减算法的物理学的最详细信息。而是，我们着重于自身提出噪声问题，并找出社区能够如何处理此类噪声。我们的目标是，基于所提供的见解，地球物理界将能够对海洋拖曳地震中遇到的一些最常见的噪声类型有所了解，以期激发更多的研究人员将注意力集中在噪声问题上具有更大的潜在行业影响。我们避免提供有关不同类型噪声本身或所应用噪声衰减算法的物理学的最详细信息。相反，我们着重于自身提出噪声问题，并找出社区能够如何有效地解决此类噪声。我们的目标是，基于所提供的见解，地球物理界将能够对海洋拖曳地震中遇到的一些最常见的噪声类型有所了解，以期激发更多的研究人员将注意力集中在噪声问题上具有更大的潜在行业影响。