Urbanization, environmental change and ageing are putting urban health at risk. In many cities, heat stress is projected to increase. Urban green spaces are considered as an important resource to strengthen the resilience of city dwellers. We conducted a questionnaire survey in two structurally distinct parks in Leipzig, Germany, on hot summer days in 2019. We assessed the respondents’ activity patterns, satisfaction with the existing infrastructure, heat-related health impairment, changes in park use during heat waves and evaluation of the role of parks in coping with heat stress. We found that the old-grown, tree-rich park was used significantly more frequently for experiencing nature, while the newer, less tree-rich park developed on a former railway-brownfield site was used more often for socializing and having BBQs and picnics. Satisfaction with available drinking fountains and public toilets was generally low and satisfaction with lighting was assessed less satisfactory in the old-grown park. Safety was assessed as satisfactory in general but significantly less satisfactory by female respondents. The heat stress summary score indicating heat-related health impairment was significantly higher for participants in the newer park. A high share of respondents stated that they used parks during heat waves as frequently as usual in the summer (46 %), while some respondents stated that they adapted their park use behaviour (18 %), e.g., by coming later in the evening. Regarding the participants’ responses about the role of parks under summer heat conditions, we matched 138 statements to several regulating and cultural ecosystem services, and we found cooling and recreation to be mentioned most often. We concluded that green space planning should diminish usage barriers, such as insufficient lighting and insufficient sanitary infrastructure, to ensure equal park use opportunities for all city dwellers. Specific local environmental and sociocultural conditions, changing environments and climate adaptation must be considered. To maintain ecological processes and functions and to cope with climate change, urban planning should preserve older parks with a large amount of tree coverage while respecting demands for particular built infrastructure.

城市化，环境变化和老龄化正使城市健康面临风险。在许多城市，预计热应激会增加。城市绿地被认为是增强城市居民弹性的重要资源。我们于2019年炎热的夏天在德国莱比锡的两个结构独特的公园中进行了问卷调查。我们评估了受访者的活动模式，对现有基础设施的满意度，与热有关的健康损害，热浪期间公园使用的变化以及评估公园在应对热应激中的作用。我们发现，古老的，树木繁茂的公园被更多地用于体验自然，而在以前的铁路布朗菲尔德遗址上开发的，树木较少的较新的公园则被更多地用于社交和烧烤和野餐。在老公园里，人们对可用饮水器和公共厕所的满意度普遍较低，对照明的满意度被评估为较不令人满意。一般而言，安全性被评定为令人满意，但女性应答者的满意度明显较低。较新公园参与者的热应激摘要分数表明与热相关的健康损害明显更高。很大一部分受访者表示，他们在夏季热浪期间像往常一样频繁地使用公园（占46％），而一些受访者表示，他们通过晚上晚些时候来改变他们对公园的使用行为（占18％）。关于参与者对公园在夏季炎热条件下的作用的回应，我们将138条陈述与几种调节和文化生态系统服务相匹配，并且我们发现制冷和娱乐最常被提及。我们得出的结论是，绿色空间规划应减少使用障碍，例如照明不足和卫生基础设施不足，以确保所有城市居民享有平等的公园使用机会。必须考虑当地的特定环境和社会文化条件，不断变化的环境和气候适应性。为了维持生态过程和功能并应对气候变化，城市规划应在保留对特定建筑基础设施的需求的同时，保留覆盖大量树木的老公园。必须考虑当地的特定环境和社会文化条件，不断变化的环境和气候适应性。为了维持生态过程和功能并应对气候变化，城市规划应在保留对特定建筑基础设施的需求的同时，保留覆盖大量树木的老公园。必须考虑当地的特定环境和社会文化条件，不断变化的环境和气候适应性。为了维持生态过程和功能并应对气候变化，城市规划应在保留对特定建筑基础设施的需求的同时，保留覆盖大量树木的老公园。