Large parks—including regional parks, state parks, and national forests and parks—have particular health, social, and environmental benefits. Thus, promoting equal access to large parks is increasingly becoming a goal of environmental justice activists, planners, and policymakers. Disadvantaged populations (e.g., low-income people of color) have worse walking access to large parks than more privileged groups and might rely on public transportation to access such parks. But empirical studies on whether access to large parks via public transit is justly distributed are lacking. In this paper, we examine the relationship between a novel measure of public transit access to large parks (the T2P index) and neighborhood-level disadvantage (income, race/ethnicity, and age). Using network analysis with public transit feed data and park location data, we calculate the T2P index for every census block group in the 15 largest metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) in the U.S. West. We find some evidence of environmental injustice. A spatial filtering model shows that T2P access increases when a neighborhood has a larger share of non-Hispanic Whites and a smaller share of older adults, but that median household income is not associated with T2P in the entire sample. We also find that some regions present significant environmental injustices in T2P whereas others have fewer to no injustices. Transit agencies and park planners could use our T2P index and findings to prioritize transit investment for disadvantaged populations and promote healthy living.

大型公园（包括区域公园，州立公园以及国家森林公园）具有特别的健康，社会和环境效益。因此，促进平等进入大型公园已越来越成为环境正义主义者，规划者和决策者的目标。弱势群体（例如，低收入的有色人种）与特权较大的群体相比，步行进入大型公园的路况较差，他们可能依赖公共交通工具进入此类公园。但是，缺乏关于通过公共交通进入大型公园的分配是否合理的实证研究。在本文中，我们研究了公共交通进入大型公园的新措施（T2P指数）之间的关系。）和社区一级的不利条件（收入，种族/民族和年龄）。通过使用带有公共交通提要数据和公园位置数据的网络分析，我们可以计算出美国西部15个最大城市统计区域（MSA）中每个普查区组的T2P指数。我们发现一些环境不公正的证据。空间过滤模型显示，当邻居中非西班牙裔白人所占比例较大而老年人所占比例较小时，T2P访问量会增加，但是在整个样本中，家庭收入中位数与T2P无关。我们还发现，某些地区在T2P中表现出明显的环境不公，而其他地区则很少甚至没有。过境机构和公园规划者可以使用我们的T2P指数和调查结果来优先安排对处境不利人群的过境投资，并促进健康的生活。