The subiculum serves as the strategic core output of the hippocampus, through which neural activity exits the hippocampal proper and targets the entorhinal cortex and other more distant subcortical and cortical areas. The past decade has witnessed a growing interest in the subiculum, owing to discoveries revealing its critical role in regulating many physiological and pathophysiological processes. Notably, accumulating evidence from both clinical and experimental studies suggests that the subiculum plays a vital role in seizure initiation and propagation, in epilepsy. In this review, we briefly describe the structure and connectivity of the subiculum and then summarize the molecular and cellular mechanisms in the subiculum underlying the epileptic brain, in both epilepsy patients and animal models. Next, we review some translational approaches targeting the malfunctioned subiculum to treat epilepsy. Finally, we pose open questions for future research in the subiculum and their clinical translation challenges.

下托作为海马体的战略核心输出，神经活动通过它离开海马体并针对内嗅皮层和其他更远的皮层下和皮层区域。在过去的十年中，人们对下托的兴趣越来越大，因为发现揭示了它在调节许多生理和病理生理过程中的关键作用。值得注意的是，来自临床和实验研究的越来越多的证据表明，下托在癫痫发作的开始和传播中起着至关重要的作用。在这篇综述中，我们简要描述了下托的结构和连接性，然后总结了癫痫患者和动物模型中癫痫大脑下托的分子和细胞机制。下一个，我们回顾了一些针对功能障碍的下托治疗癫痫的转化方法。最后，我们为下托的未来研究及其临床翻译挑战提出了开放性问题。